Lack of an effective plan of
government after gaining independence (1781-1787)
Selected works of George Washington:
Papers of George Washington (Library of Congress)
Works of James Madison
Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, James Madison: Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia, an essential guide to interpreting the intent of the Framers.
The Federalist Papers, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay (1787-88) Arguments for ratification of the proposed Constitution.